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![]() ![]() From Januto December 31 st 2020 the average annual compounded rate of return for the SP 500 including reinvestment of dividends was approximately 108 source. For a brief, educational introduction to finance and the time value of money, please visit our Finance Calculator. Future Value Calculator Click Here or Scroll Down Future Value FV is a formula used in finance to calculate the value of a cash flow at a later date than originally received. To learn more about or do calculations on present value instead, feel free to pop on over to our Present Value Calculator. There can be no such things as mortgages, auto loans, or credit cards without FV. Free online finance calculator to find the future value (FV), compounding periods (N), interest rate (I/Y), periodic payment (PMT), and present value (PV). The Time Value of MoneyįV (along with PV, I/Y, N, and PMT) is an important element in the time value of money, which forms the backbone of finance. This means that $10 in a savings account today will be worth $10.60 one year later. ![]() ![]() Pressing calculate will result in an FV of $10.60. You can also use an online future values calculator or run the formula on spreadsheet software like Excel or Google Sheets. It is possible to use the calculator to learn this concept. If you know your way around a graphing calculator, you can work out an investments future value by hand, using the equations above. i 8 per year, compounded monthly (0.08/12 006666667) n 5 years x 12 months (51260) Input the above numbers in. First off, lets write down a list of components for your compound interest formula: PV 2,000. Typically, cash in a savings account or a hold in a bond purchase earns compound interest and so has a different value in the future.Ī good example of this kind of calculation is a savings account because the future value of it tells how much will be in the account at a given point in the future. Suppose, you invest 2,000 at 8 interest rate compounded monthly and you want to know the value of your investment after 5 years. Related Investment Calculator | Present Value Calculatorįuture value, or FV, is what money is expected to be worth in the future. The future value formula assumes a constant rate of growth and a single up-front payment left untouched for the duration of the investment. The Future Value Calculator is a financial calculator that will calculate the future value of any lump sump if you simply enter in the present value. ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() One of the primary effects of inadequate shuteye is daytime fatigue. Not only can it impair your physical health, but it can also affect your emotional and cognitive health. Insufficient rest can have a significant impact on your well-being. The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Your Body Thirdly, you can choose to input when you’d like to go to bed later that night, and the tool will give you recommended wake-up times. The second option is to input that you’d like to go to bed right now, and the calculator will show you when to wake up. ![]() The tool will then provide you with recommended bedtimes. The first option is to input the time you need to wake up. There are three ways to use this calculator to generate your custom bedtime duration. The calculator is designed to help you wake up during Stage 1, the lightest rest. For example, babies and young children need the most, and this amount decreases as you move into adolescence and adulthood. The amount of REM slumber you need depends on your age. According to Valley Sleep Center, REM is highly important because it “stimulates the areas of your brain that are essential in learning and making or retaining memories.”Īs you cycle through multiple REM stages during the night, they will first last around 10 minutes and then get increasingly longer. To avoid physically acting out these dreams, though, your legs and arms remain in a state of paralysis. As the name suggests, this stage is marked by faster eye movements as well. Your heart rate and blood pressure also start to rise, and your breathing becomes more rapid. The final stage, REM, is when your brain waves begin to quicken again as you leave deep sleep. Lastly, you have no eye or muscle movement. Furthermore, you generate very slow brain waves, which is why this stage is also known as slow-wave. You are in a deep slumber during the third non-REM stage, and you’re likely to feel disoriented if awakened. The second stage typically lasts 10 to 25 minutes. The second stage is when your brain waves and heart rate slow down, body temperature drops, and eye movement ceases. You may also experience hypnic jerking, a sudden muscle contraction. During this time, your eye movement slows, and your muscles start relaxing. Stage 1 is a light rest lasting roughly 5 to 10 minutes. Each cycle lasts for about 90 to 110 minutes. Once you are done with REM, you then move on to another cycle, repeating this pattern throughout the night. Therefore, to finish a full cycle, you need to complete all four stages. ![]() The first three stages involve non-REM sleep, while the fourth and final stage is REM sleep.ĭuring a cycle, you will move through each of these four stages, starting with Stage 1 of non-REM slumber and ending with REM. ![]() There are four stages of sleep, and they are divided into two phases, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM). Plus, we’ll go over what happens while you sleep, why quality rest is important, and more. We’ll walk you through how to use our sleep calculator to maximize your rest. Therefore, you should know how much rest you need to avoid waking mid-cycle, and the good news is we are here to help. Humans experience multiple cycles while asleep, and waking in the middle of the wrong one could cause drowsiness. Do you sometimes wake up groggy? Waking up on the wrong side of the bed may be less about how much shuteye you get and more about where you are in your sleep cycle when you awaken. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Many species of millipedes have defense glands (called ozopores) which discharge a smelly and disgusting-tasting liquid that drives off many predators. They sometimes burrow to bury themselves when disturbed, using their front legs to push away the soil. This coil shape also protects their heads and legs. When attacked, millipedes curl their bodies into tight spirals to protect their soft undersides. Millipedes are attacked by shrews, toads, birds, and badgers.The World Factbook: Ecuador, Central Intelligence Agency. This Orange Foot Galapagos Giant Centipede at Wizard Hill (Cerro Brujo) on San Cristobal Island is a full-grown adult at approximately 45 cm. The Amazonian giant centipede is over twelve inches in length and is said to eat frogs, mice, and lizards. Centipedes eat spiders, insects, worms, and other arthropods. The antennae help them locate their prey, and their first pair of legs, modified into venomous claws, help them capture and paralyze their prey. Centipedes have long antennae and their back legs are nearly as long as their antennae.As they plow through the soil, munching on dead plants and other vegetation, they aerate and enrich the soil, much like earthworms. Millipedes have short antennae and move in slow waves, burrowing and eating their way through moist leaf clutter, fungi, and decayed plant material on the ground. ![]() Centipedes have an odd number of pairs of legs the last pair trails behind the body. The number of body segments varies with the species (estimated in the range of 8,000 species), and the pairs of legs vary from 15-177, plus or minus one. Centipedes have only one pair of legs on each body segment these are easily spotted sticking out from their flattened bodies.The females of a nearly extinct species of California millipede have up to 750 legs. The number of body segments varies with the species (estimated in the range of 10,000 species), but the number of pairs of legs generally ranges between 40 and 400. Their legs are tucked under the body and difficult to see. Millipedes have two pairs of short legs on each body segment, a rounded body, and a hard external skeleton.Some of the ways in which millipedes and centipedes differ from each other include: They require a moist environment and are most active at night.They are both found throughout the world, but are most abundant in the tropics.They grow by moulting or shedding their external skeletons and, when young, grow new segments and legs each time they moult.They both have segmented bodies, poor vision, external skeletons and jointed legs.They both have one pair of antennae, many pairs of legs, and breathe through little holes or spiracles on the sides of their bodies.They are both invertebrates (without backbones) and belong to the largest phylum in the Animal Kingdom which also includes insects, spiders, crabs, lobsters, etc.Some of the ways in which millipedes and centipedes are alike include: Kent Walters, photographer, 2013, Catoctin Mountain Park. Many millipedes with bright colors are reported to secrete cyanide compounds as a defense, so picking them up is not advisable, especially for children. The Almond-scented millipede, Apheloria virginiensis corrugata, has beautiful coloration. Read on to discover additional ways in which millipedes and centipedes are alike or different. While both millipedes and centipedes belong to the phylum Arthropoda and to the subphylum Myriapoda, millipedes belong to the class Diplopoda and centipedes belong to the class Chilopoda. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Availability: Out now on PC, Mac, and Stadia.And it's also in the layer behind that, ideology as in the ideology of the developer, the thought process, the reasoning, the thing that informs all that, which they may not even be aware of - why they went for an authoritarianism dial in the first place and why it works the way it does. It's there in the specific, overt kind of way, as in: turning the "authoritarianism" dial up or down on your empire's ideology screen. Ideology's always been a part of grand, 4X strategy games. Humankind has superficial resemblances to the Civilization series but the most important difference is that it starts with a clean slate.Amplitude's big play for the historical grand strategy crown is ambitious and considered, but it's missing a little magic. Perhaps that’s an attitude you can only take when you’re not Firaxis, tasked with maintaining continuity with a decades-old series and satisfying a massive audience with tons of specific wants and expectations. It’s encouraging to see those playful, sandbox values are at the heart of Humankind. The lack of guidance could be frustrating, but the room for exploration and experimentation made it one of the most exciting 4X games of the last decade. I played dozens of hours before I really knew when I was playing well, or just having fun screwing around. Endless Legend, which is probably the clearest antecedent to Humankind, provided little of that guidance. Part of what Civ’s victory conditions and balance accomplish is give you a clear idea of what you should be doing, and some clear yardsticks to measure your relative progress. With open-ended scoring and a “let a thousand flowers bloom” approach to game balance, it’s easy to imagine Humankind as a rather disorienting game. I often draw a parallel with fighting games. “With more than a million combinations, there is no way that we can pretend that every one of them is balanced," he said. The other part that was music to my ears was what Game Director Jean Maxine Moris said about Amplitude’s approach to balancing all these options. There’s more reward for a meandering, “do lots of cool shit” playstyle than the exacting streamlining that Civilization encourages. Where Civilization has become intensely wedded to its traditional victory conditions, asking you to be thinking about how your infant civilization will one day build a spaceship 3,000 years hence, Humankind follows a more Paradox-esque route of tallying scores at the end. That shift in focus is one of two particularly exciting differences between Humankind and Civilization. Note, however, that the trade-off hinges on scoring, not discrete victory conditions. It leaves a legacy bonus that will follow you through the rest of the game, part of an accumulating list of perks that chart the path of your very particular choices throughout the game. When you finally do upgrade, however, your old civilization doesn’t really disappear. So there is always a calculation to be made between moving on to a new era with a civilization better-suited to it, or continuing to run up the score with an older civilization. But there are more points to be won toward endgame scoring if you continue to thrive with an early-game civilization. Being early to a new age of history gives you more civs to pick from, as your rivals won’t have had a chance to make their own selections. With each new civilization, players get a chance to adopt new bonuses and special abilities. I didn’t get a chance to see how dramatic these shifts would be if you were running an established empire and, as such, couldn’t quite feel out how dramatically this idea sets the game apart from Civ.īut it’s over the course of a longer game that this system promises to become more interesting. However, in the demo I played, there was a single era transition from a nomadic pre-history era into an Archaic Age period. ![]() It’s a welcome antithesis to the battle royale of Civilization, where nations and cultures are fixed throughout all of history and can thrive or die, but not evolve. War-like Myceneans in the opening part of the game might become Celts in the next stage, or follow a more direct historical progression to become clever Greeks. The big idea in Humankind is that rather than controlling a single civilization through all of recorded history, you guide an evolving people who have the option to metamorphize into a new civilization with each new era of history. It’s unfortunate that the game’s signature conceit wasn’t fully available to play with during a hands-on demo a couple weeks ago. ![]() ![]() ![]() Modelingīecause children adopt behaviors they observe, if important figures model self-loathing -for example, regularly making comments such as “I can’t believe I did that! I’m so dumb,” or “I’m disgusting,”- they may learn that these kinds of statements and sentiments are normal, appropriate, and even helpful. 3 In these cases, self-hatred tends to be the product of emotional avoidance. 2 Whereas shame requires a certain amount of insight and awareness, self-loathing often arises when one bypasses the emotion shame, focusing instead on expressing language about more observable and concrete qualities (e.g., weight or academic scores). Self-loathing tends to be the more tangible experience of underlying shame. These experiences can have lasting effects on someone’s relationship with themselves, sometimes developing into patterns of self-criticism, self-invalidation, and self-loathing. Trauma, abuse, and bullying (particularly in children) may result in a variety of negative effects, including feelings of shame, worthlessness, and the belief that one is deserving of such emotions. In the absence of this feedback, people pleasers may develop an even lower self-worth, sometimes leading to self-loathing. This behavior typically stems from insecurity and is used as a way of deriving value from others’ responses to their helpfulness and thoughtfulness. People pleasers go above and beyond to put others first, often before meeting their own needs. They often have exaggerated negative reactions to their own mistakes, which may develop into a pattern of self-loathing. Perfectionists have high standards and expectations of themselves and struggle when they inevitably fail to meet them. 1 Those who have been invalidated often internalize the messages they’ve received, which may lead to a sense of worthlessness and self-loathing. Self-loathing may result as a consequence of these conditions, experiences, and feelings: InvalidationĪn invalidating environment is one in which caregivers or other important figures in one’s life suggest that their thoughts and feelings shouldn’t be trusted or aren’t justified. However, more persistent patterns tend to reflect early experiences such as bullying, invalidation by caregivers, or a history of watching trusted adults engage in self-loathing themselves. It’s certainly possible to begin self-loathing later in life. In general, self-hating tendencies typically stem from childhood, as this is the time period in which people begin to develop a relationship with and understanding of themselves. While there isn’t just one way someone develops a pattern of self-loathing, there are several possible causes that contribute to it. ![]() Engaging in unhealthy habits such as substance use, self-harm, or risky sex.Trusting others more than trusting yourself.Refusing to accept or ignoring compliments or praise.Neglecting yourself and your needs (e.g., not eating enough or eating too much, not getting enough sleep).Those with self-hatred also tend to experience low self-esteem, believing they have deficits that others may not notice. Many people who experience self-loathing refuse to accept compliments and praise, or simply dismiss them when received. While self-loathing can take many forms, it typically involves neglecting oneself, having a lack of self-compassion, sabotaging personal success, and trusting others more than trusting oneself. Believe that self-punishment is an effective form of behavior change.Were modeled self-hatred or self-criticism by caregivers.Those most likely to self-loathe include people who: People who are self-loathing tend to have a strong, negative internal narrative, also known as an inner critic, and have often experienced some sort of invalidation or trauma. Self-loathing is a pattern of extreme self-criticism and self-judgment that stems from (and contributes to) feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and incompetence. People who engage in this behavior tend to have low self-esteem and believe they aren’t “good enough ” this can manifest in a variety of negative behaviors including rumination, catastrophizing, forms of self-punishment (such as self-harm or substance use), and isolation. Self-loathing involves criticizing, demeaning, and insulting oneself, often through an internal narrative. ![]() ![]() ![]() Its tags store location, elevation, and time and can in this way be used to interchange data between GPS devices and software packages. ![]() ![]() The format is open and can be used without the need to pay license fees. It can be used to describe waypoints, tracks, and routes. GPX, or GPS Exchange Format, is an XML schema designed as a common GPS data format for software applications. With this viewer you can open a gpx file and view its contents very easily. You can open a GPX file to view from your computer or your Google Drive. It only works locally without going through the server. This GPX Viewer does not save or share the file you select. You can also see your GPS position on a map and use viewer as navigation. You can load tracks from gpx file and show them on a Maps view. The GPX viewer is made for the purpose of viewing the gpx file that you recorded. Once you've loaded your GPS data into Google Earth, you can edit the waypoint placemarks and track paths, and add more information about the waypoints and tracks in the balloons.The GPX viewer is made for the purpose of viewing the gpx file. The file is imported and can be viewed and saved as KML in Google Earth as described below. Also, choose to Create KML LineStrings, and to Adjust altitudes to ground height.Ĭlick OK. In the GPS Data Import dialog box that appears, choose to Create KML Tracks. Navigate to the appropriate location on your computer and select the GPS file.Ĭlick the Open button to begin the import process. In the Open window, change the filetype to the GPS file types by using the Files of type list and selecting Gps (. mps), you can download and use this sample file provided by Save the Elephants, by right-clicking and saving the file GPS_track_Save-the-Elephants.gpx If you do not have your own file to use (supported file formats are. You can also use third-party software like GPS Babel to download the GPX file to your computer. Read the instructions that came with your GPS device for exporting data from your device to a file on your computer. Also, if you have a GPS device for which Google Earth does not support direct connections, but which can export data to a file, you can still view your GPS data in Google Earth. If you have GPS data stored in a GPX or other type of file, you can open it in Google Earth. Before you disconnect your laptop from the internet and go out in the field, be sure to use Google Earth to fly to and view the places you'll be visiting so that the relevant imagery is saved in the cache on your hard drive.You'll need to make sure that your GPS device is connected and streaming data using one of the supported protocols (NMEA is the most common). From the GPS Import dialog box, select the _ Real Time_ tab to see options for viewing live data. For example, if you go out in the field with your laptop, you can view your current location live on Google Earth. You can also get data from your GPS device in real time. ![]() or select the GPS device data in the Places panel, go to the File menu, and select Save Place As. Save your GPS data to a KML file by right-clicking on your GPS data folder in the Places panel, and selecting Save Place As. Simply select the GPS data in the Places panel, and click Play on the Time Controls. Help with importing GPS data from a file can be found below.ĭata imported from a GPS handheld device can be animated because it has time stamps (date and time) of when it was collected by the GPS device. Your data will be downloaded from your device directly into Google Earth, where you can view and save it as described below.įor this tutorial you can import and use the GPS_track_Save-the-Elephants.gpx file you downloaded earlier. In the GPS Import window, go to the Import tab and choose your device: Garmin or Magellan.Ĭheck the boxes if you want to import Waypoints, Tracks, and/or Routes.Ĭlick Import. Drivers can be found on the CD that came with your device, or downloaded from the device manufacturer's web site. Note: If you are using a USB connection, you may need to first install a driver for your GPS device. Make sure that your Garmin or Magellan handheld GPS device is connected to your computer using your USB or Serial port connector, and that your GPS device is turned on. Import GPS data from your handheld GPS device ![]() ![]() ![]() The standard states that a single channel pink noise signal with an RMS level of -20 dB relative to a full-scale sinusoid should be reproduced at 83 dB SPL. The audio industry does not have a standard for playback system calibration, but in the movie industry a calibration standard has been defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). The standard also specifies a means to prevent clipping when the calculated replay gain exceeds the limits of digital audio, and it describes how the replay gain information is stored within audio files. The ReplayGain specification is a standard which defines an appropriate reference level, explains a way of calculating and representing the ideal replay gain for a given track or album, and provides guidance for players to make the required volume adjustment during playback. ![]() There is a solution to this annoyance: within each audio file, information can be stored about what volume change would be required to play each track or album at a standard loudness, and music players can use this "replay gain" information to automatically nudge the volume up or down as required. Because of this, a random play through a music collection can have significant volume changes with every other track. Therefore, the loudness of a given album has more to do with the year of issue or the whim of the producer than anything else. ![]() This is because once this peak amplitude is reached, perceived loudness can be further increased through signal-processing techniques such as dynamic range compression and equalization. Although music is encoded to a digital format with a clearly defined maximum peak amplitude, and although most recordings are normalized to utilize this peak amplitude, not all recordings sound equally loud. ![]() ![]() Now the camera only open to a white screen and went I touch it the camera shuts. Please enter security code that you see on the above box. Super Photo Zoom Lens |
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